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Researchers have found that those who were developing in the womb during the severe World War II food shortages were in a worse condition than others of similar ages at mental tests almost

60 years later. Researchers have found that those who were developing in the womb during the severe World War II food shortages were in a worse condition than others of similar ages at

mental tests almost 60 years later. Scientists said the 1944 Dutch "famine" may have accelerated brain ageing. They studied nearly 300 adults who had been foetuses at the time. The

so-called Hongerwinter was a six-month period during which food deliveries to the people of the northern Netherlands were restricted by German occupying forces. This produced a humanitarian

disaster. By April 1945, it was estimated that 20,000 people had died as a result of malnutrition. Many expectant mothers survived on between 400 and 800 calories a day. A group of almost

300 adults in their late 50s, all of whom had been exposed to the famine in the first or second trimester of their mother's pregnancy, were given mental tests, and the results compared

to those of similarly aged people. This was the second time the group had been tested - tests in the 1970s had revealed no differences in performance. However, in the second study, their

results in a "selective attention test" were worse. Poorer performance in this type of test is generally linked to advancing age, and the scientists, from the University of

Amsterdam and Calvin College in Michigan, US, suggested this might mean the brains of those in the study group had effectively started ageing faster as a result of malnutrition in the womb.

Robert Fraser, an obstetrician based at Sheffield University, said that while the results were "interesting", they should not alarm modern mothers. "A baby is really a rather

efficient parasite - a pregnant woman can be close to death from anaemia and the resulting baby born with a reasonably normal iron level in the blood," the _BBC _quoted him as saying.

It is not unknown for modern women to be poorly nourished during the first and even the second trimester of pregnancy - the best-known cause being extreme morning sickness. However, Fiona

Ford, a dietician and spokesperson for the British Dietetic Association, said: "The malnutrition would have to be pretty bad - with food intake at incredibly low levels, and there is

evidence that the body is capable of adapting in these circumstances to protect the baby. "If anything it is those women who are eating for two, or even three or four, who are more

likely to cause a problem for their baby." The findings appeared in the _PNAS journal._