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Access through your institution Buy or subscribe Respiratory distress, dyspnea, and tachypnea are common signs in sick birds and can be associated with a space-occupying lesion in the

coelemic cavity. The absence of a diaphragm means that any mass can compress the lungs and air sacs, causing respiratory problems. Besides an enlarged liver, neoplasia, and ascites, common

space-occupying lesions in the coelemic cavity include an egg and enlarged reproductive tract. Consequently, the sex of a budgerigar is important when considering the possible source of a

mass within the abdomen. A reproductive mass in a female budgerigar carries a better prognosis than a gastrointestinal or hepatic mass in either sex. Another cause of respiratory distress in

budgerigars is pulmonary infection, and the high white blood cell count suggested that this might be the case in this bird. Common infections include Chlamydophila (previously know as

Chlamydia) and aspergillosis. Abdominal hernias in psittacine birds may be congenital or acquired, although the definitive etiology is unknown16,17. Abdominal herniation occurs most commonly

in female psittacine birds, particularly in budgerigars. The hernia is frequently associated with weakening of the abdominal musculature associated with egg laying, egg-binding, dystocia,

or hyperestrogenism16,17. In chronic egg-laying hens, alterations in calcium metabolism contribute to muscular atony and distension of the caudal abdomen. Hernias in either sex can result

from trauma, straining, or abdominal masses16,17. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution ADDITIONAL ACCESS

OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support REFERENCES * Garner, J.P., Meehan, C.L. & Mench, J.A. Stereotypies in caged

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urate concretion in a cockatiel. _J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc._ 189(10), 1096–1136 (1986). Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * The author is a

resident in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine and Surgery at the Bobst Hospital of The Animal Medical Center, 510 East 62nd St., New York, NY 10021., Anthony A. Pilny DVM Authors * Anthony A.

Pilny DVM View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Anthony A. Pilny DVM. RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints

and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Pilny, A. Diagnosis: Abdominal Mass with Abdominal Hernia. _Lab Anim_ 33, 20–21 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/laban0504-20 Download

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