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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To review the literature on salvage treatments after focal therapy (FT) for prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS A non-systematic literature review was conducted

on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to March 15, 2024, for studies that assessed salvage treatment outcomes in patients with recurrent PCa after primary FT. Original prospective and

retrospective studies with more than 10 patients were included. Reviews, editorial comments, conference abstracts, and studies focusing solely on whole-gland treatments were excluded.

RESULTS Twenty-one studies with a total of 1012 patients were included. The most reported salvage treatments were salvage radical prostatectomy followed by re-do ablation therapy. Only one

study evaluated salvage radiation therapy. Except for one prospective study, all studies were retrospective. Oncological outcomes showed acceptable biochemical recurrence rates. Functional

outcomes varied, with significant impacts observed on erectile function across modalities, though continence rates were less impacted. Complications were generally low across all treatment

options. CONCLUSION Salvage treatment post-primary FT is feasible, safe, and has reasonable oncologic outcomes. However, significant declines in sexual function are common, while continence

is comparatively less affected. The literature primarily consists of retrospective studies; hence, future research should focus on large-scale prospective evaluations to better define

treatment protocols and improve patient outcomes. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS

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institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES AND SAFETY OF FOCAL THERAPY FOR PROSTATE CANCER: A

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON RESULTS AND PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURES (PROMS) Article 25 July 2023 ERECTILE FUNCTION AFTER FOCAL THERAPY FOR LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

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radiodensity, and spatial distribution in prostate cancer patients. Urol Oncol. 2021;39:728.e1–e6. Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar  Download references AUTHOR INFORMATION AUTHORS AND

AFFILIATIONS * USC Institute of Urology and Catherine & Joseph Aresty Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Lorenzo

Storino Ramacciotti & Andre Luis Abreu * Department of Urology, Edouard Herriot Hospital, University of Lyon, Lyon, France Sébastien Crouzet * Institute Montsouris, Paris, France Petr

Macek * Department of Urology, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Petr Macek * Department of Urology, Houston

Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Brian J. Miles * Medipol Mega University Hospital. Department of Urology Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey Rahim Horuz & M. Pilar Laguna

* Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Department of Urology, ICBAS, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal Diogo Nunes-Carneiro * Department of Urology, St Vincents Private Hospital

Sydney, St Vincents Prostate Cancer Research Centre and The Garvan Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia Phillip Stricker * Vituro Health, Sarasota, FL, USA Stephen Scionti Authors * Lorenzo

Storino Ramacciotti View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Andre Luis Abreu View author publications You can also search for this author

inPubMed Google Scholar * Sébastien Crouzet View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Petr Macek View author publications You can also search for

this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Brian J. Miles View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Rahim Horuz View author publications You can also

search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Diogo Nunes-Carneiro View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Phillip Stricker View author

publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Stephen Scionti View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * M. Pilar

Laguna View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS LSR: conception and design, data collection and analysis, drafting of the

manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript; ALA: conception and design, data interpretation, drafting of the manuscript, critical revision of the manuscript; SC: data interpretation,

critical revision of the manuscript; PM: data interpretation, critical revision of the manuscript; BJM: data interpretation, critical revision of the manuscript; RH: data interpretation,

critical revision of the manuscript; DNC: data interpretation, critical revision of the manuscript; PS: data interpretation, critical revision of the manuscript; SS: data interpretation,

critical revision of the manuscript; MPL: data interpretation, critical revision of the manuscript, supervision. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Andre Luis Abreu. ETHICS DECLARATIONS

COMPETING INTERESTS ALA is a consultant for Koelis, a speaker for EDAP, and a proctor for Sonablate. Other authors do not have conflicts of interests. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PUBLISHER’S NOTE

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A.L., Crouzet, S. _et al._ Salvage treatments after focal therapy for prostate cancer – a comprehensive review. _Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis_ (2024).

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41391-024-00875-3 Download citation * Received: 07 June 2024 * Revised: 09 July 2024 * Accepted: 15 July 2024 * Published: 01 August 2024 * DOI:

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