On-chip recapitulation of clinical bone marrow toxicities and patient-specific pathophysiology
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ABSTRACT The inaccessibility of living bone marrow (BM) hampers the study of its pathophysiology under myelotoxic stress induced by drugs, radiation or genetic mutations. Here, we show that
a vascularized human BM-on-a-chip (BM chip) supports the differentiation and maturation of multiple blood cell lineages over 4 weeks while improving CD34+ cell maintenance, and that it
recapitulates aspects of BM injury, including myeloerythroid toxicity after clinically relevant exposures to chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation, as well as BM recovery after
drug-induced myelosuppression. The chip comprises a fluidic channel filled with a fibrin gel in which CD34+ cells and BM-derived stromal cells are co-cultured, a parallel channel lined by
human vascular endothelium and perfused with culture medium, and a porous membrane separating the two channels. We also show that BM chips containing cells from patients with the rare
genetic disorder Shwachman–Diamond syndrome reproduced key haematopoietic defects and led to the discovery of a neutrophil maturation abnormality. As an in vitro model of haematopoietic
dysfunction, the BM chip may serve as a human-specific alternative to animal testing for the study of BM pathophysiology. Access through your institution Buy or subscribe This is a preview
of subscription content, access via your institution ACCESS OPTIONS Access through your institution Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals Get Nature+, our best-value
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Learn more Buy this article * Purchase on SpringerLink * Instant access to full article PDF Buy now Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout ADDITIONAL
ACCESS OPTIONS: * Log in * Learn about institutional subscriptions * Read our FAQs * Contact customer support SIMILAR CONTENT BEING VIEWED BY OTHERS A MICROFLUIDIC BONE MARROW CHIP FOR THE
SAFETY PROFILING OF BIOLOGICS IN PRE-CLINICAL DRUG DEVELOPMENT Article Open access 15 May 2025 GENERATING HUMAN BONE MARROW ORGANOIDS FOR DISEASE MODELING AND DRUG DISCOVERY Article 26 March
2024 BIOENGINEERED NICHES THAT RECREATE PHYSIOLOGICAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX ORGANISATION TO SUPPORT LONG-TERM HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS Article Open access 10 July 2024 DATA AVAILABILITY All
of the data supporting the results in this study are available within the Article and its Supplementary Information. The broad range of raw datasets acquired and analysed (or any subsets of
it), which for reuse would require contextual metadata, are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. CHANGE HISTORY * _ 12 FEBRUARY 2020 A Correction to this paper has
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_Invest. New Drugs_ 30, 1519–1530 (2012). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Download references ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was sponsored by funding from: the US Food and Drug
Administration (grants HHSF223201310079C and 75F40119C10098), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-12-2-0036), AstraZeneca and the Wyss
Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering (to D.E.I.); the US National Institutes of Health (R24 DK099808 and 5U01HL134812 to A.S., R01 DK102165 to C.D.N. and training grant
5T32CA009216-37 to D.B.C.); and the Department of Defense (W81XWH-14-1-0124 to C.D.N.). Additional funding was provided by the Dana-Farber Cancer Center Claudia Adams Barr Award (to C.E.J.)
and the EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Regenerative Medicine (to A.R.). The authors thank S. Sweeney for helpful discussions, P. Machado and J. Caramanica for machining
expertise, and M. DeLelys, R. Mathews, J. Houston, J. Patel, D. Kingman, A. Shay, J. Graham, S. Chung, T. Spitzer and F. Preffer at the Massachusetts General Hospital, as well as M. Fleming
and M. Armant at Boston Children’s Hospital for invaluable help in relation to working with patient data and samples. AUTHOR INFORMATION Author notes * These authors contributed equally:
David B. Chou, Viktoras Frismantas. AUTHORS AND AFFILIATIONS * Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA David B. Chou, Viktoras Frismantas,
Yuka Milton, Liliana S. Moreira Teixeira, Arianna Rech, Elizabeth Calamari, Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad, Brooke A. Furlong, Lucy R. O’Sullivan, Carlos F. Ng, Youngjae Choe, Susan Marquez,
Richard Novak, Oren Levy, Rachelle Prantil-Baun & Donald E. Ingber * Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA David B. Chou & Robert P. Hasserjian *
Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK Rhiannon David & Lorna Ewart * DMPK, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
Petar Pop-Damkov & Douglas Ferguson * Clinical and Quantitative Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
Alexander MacDonald * Dana Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA Özge Vargel Bölükbaşı & Akiko Shimamura * Department of Cancer Immunology and
Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA Cailin E. Joyce & Carl D. Novina * Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Cailin E. Joyce & Carl D.
Novina * Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK Arianna Rech * Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA Amanda Jiang & Donald E. Ingber * Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences (iBB), Instituto Superior Técnico,
Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad * Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA Kasiani C. Myers * Division
of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA Kasiani C. Myers * Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA,
USA Olga K. Weinberg * Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA Carl D. Novina * Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA Donald
E. Ingber Authors * David B. Chou View author publications You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar * Viktoras Frismantas View author publications You can also search for
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Google Scholar CONTRIBUTIONS D.B.C. and V.F. participated in the design and performance of all experiments and analysed the data, alongside D.E.I., who also supervised all of the work. Y.M.
helped design and perform the experiments. R.D., P.P.-D., D.F., A.M. and L.E. helped to design experiments relating to drug testing, performed the mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetics
modelling, analysed the data and helped to write the manuscript. O.V.B. and C.E.J. helped to design, perform and interpret SDS-related studies, with input from and supervision of A.S. and
C.D.N. K.C.M. and O.K.W. provided access to patient data and material for SDS-related studies. L.S.M.T. and A.R. helped to conceive the BM chip design and performed the experiments. A.J.
helped to perform the radiation-related studies. B.A.F. and L.R.O. helped to analyse the data and revise the manuscript. E.C., C.F.N., Y.C. and S.C. fabricated and participated in the design
of the BM chip with input from and supervision of R.N. and D.E.I. E.C., S.J.-F. and S.C. helped to perform the oxygen studies. R.P.H. provided scientific supervision, as well as access to
patient material. O.L. and R.P.-B. helped to design the experiments and interpret the data, and supervised all of the work. D.B.C., V.F. and D.E.I. prepared the manuscript, with input from
all authors. CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Correspondence to Donald E. Ingber. ETHICS DECLARATIONS COMPETING INTERESTS D.E.I. is a founder, and holds equity in, Emulate, Inc., and chairs its
scientific advisory board. D.B.C., V.F., Y.M., L.S.M.T., O.L., R.N. and D.E.I. are co-inventors on a patent application describing the BM chip. R.D., P.P.-D., D.F., A.M. and L.E. are
employed by AstraZeneca, which is developing AZD2811. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION PUBLISHER’S NOTE Springer Nature remains neutral with
regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary Figs. 1–7, Table 1 and references.
REPORTING SUMMARY RIGHTS AND PERMISSIONS Reprints and permissions ABOUT THIS ARTICLE CITE THIS ARTICLE Chou, D.B., Frismantas, V., Milton, Y. _et al._ On-chip recapitulation of clinical bone
marrow toxicities and patient-specific pathophysiology. _Nat Biomed Eng_ 4, 394–406 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-019-0495-z Download citation * Received: 23 October 2018 *
Accepted: 22 November 2019 * Published: 27 January 2020 * Issue Date: 01 April 2020 * DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-019-0495-z SHARE THIS ARTICLE Anyone you share the following link
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