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However, this was low compared to his drinking in one of the James Bond books at 50 units of alcohol in one day, "a level of consumption which would kill nearly everyone." A Vesper

cocktail differs from Bond's usual 'shaken, not stirred' vodka martini, in that it has a base of both gin and vodka, and substitutes Kina Lillet for vermouth and lemon peel

for an olive. The recipe was given by Bond to a barman in the 2006 movie Casino Royale. While ideally, Bond should seek professional help for his drinking, the authors suggest a few

strategies which may minimise his risks in the short term. These include avoiding drinking on the job, especially when tackling complex tasks such as aerial combat in helicopter gunships and

de-activating nuclear weapons, and saying no to social drinks with sexual partners who may want to disable, capture or kill him (that is nine out of 60 of them to date, or 15 per cent).

They also advise Bond to cultivate alternative interests beyond alcohol, perhaps developing his nascent interest in lepidopterology (the study of moths and butterflies), revealed when he

discussed M's butterfly collection in one movie. James Bond has been subject to extensive research, with scientists publishing articles in scholarly journals about his smoking, violent

behaviour and psychopathology. This is the first such study of alcohol in all the Bond movies over six decades, researchers said.