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Editor’s Note: This is the 52nd installment in Van Jackson’s daily writing journal, “Nuke Your Darlings,” which tracks his six-month battle to write a new book on North Korea. Will he meet

his deadline?

There aren’t enough hours in the day! I wish I could buy a couple extra hours each day, and would pay even more to add an hour of sleep each night.

I jotted down about 480 words today, but found it hard to concentrate on writing amid the swirl of other tasks. I’m in a mode right now of just shooting at the five-meter targets. I know

there are big adversaries headed my way, but if I don’t handle the ones that are closest then I won’t be around to tackle the bigger ones down the road.

I randomly posted a slide from one of my lectures for Intro to Security Studies on twitter. It inquired about the relation of structure and agency, and how to think about cause and effect in

social explanation. And it had a picture of Tupac throwing up a “Westside” sign with his fingers from the cover of his biggest album. Several people DM’d me to ask what the Tupac connection

was. It saves time to just explain it briefly here.

Tupac was fond of saying that he’s a product of his environment; he said it all the time. But he also wrote a famous poem called “The Rose from the Concrete,” which was all about the

magnificence of something marginally good coming out of circumstances that are impossibly, hellishly bad. Nothing really grows in concrete—not least roses—so if you see a damaged, partly

wilted rose sprouting out of the concrete you should be looking at it in admiration, not derision for being less than a perfect specimen. Context makes it a kind of miracle.

These statements express dueling ideas about cause and effect in the social world. Don’t be surprised, Tupac tells us, if black men become thugs and drug dealers when their environment is

one in which they live with short shadows of the future, mistrust the justice system, and are systematically deprived of opportunities for economic mobility. We all tend to be products of

our environment, working within the incentives that the structures around us provide.

At the same time, Tupac saw himself as the rose from the concrete, a triumph of the individual over his environment. The deck may have been stacked against him since birth, but determination

can make the impossible possible. Kind of a hood rendition of the Personal Legend philosophy in The Alchemist.

So Tupac’s my explanatory vehicle to introduce thinking systematically about causality and levels of analysis (and then later, what’s wrong with thinking in those terms). That stuff’s

important for security studies because it’s a sub-field that places high value on research designs and methods that mimic scientific method in the physical sciences (for better or worse).

Unrelated, a rumor is circulating that Trump’s national security adviser, H.R. McMaster, would leave the National Security Council to become commander of U.S. Forces Korea. That would put

him directly in Kim Jong Un’s firing line if a war popped off. McMaster better pray John Bolton doesn’t replace him as national security adviser.

Van Jackson is a senior editor at War on the Rocks and an associate editor of the Texas National Security Review.